ABSTRACT
This paper aims to study the effect of Xiangqin Jiere Granules(XQ) on lipid metabolism and chronic inflammation in different obesity model mice. The monosodium glutamate(MSG) obese mouse model was established by subcutaneous injection of MSG in newborn mice, and the high fat diet(HFD) obese mouse model was established by feeding adult mice with HFD. The normal mice were assigned into the control group; the MSG obese mice were assigned into MSG model group, XQ4.5 group(Xiangqin Jiere Granu-les, 4.5 g·kg~(-1)), XQ22.5 group(Xiangqin Jiere Granules, 22.5 g·kg~(-1)); the HFD obese mice were assigned into HFD model group, XQ4.5 group, and XQ22.5 group. The mice were intragastrically administrated with saline or XQ for 5 weeks. After that, the body weight, visceral fat mass, liver and thymus weight, and the organ indexes in each group were measured. The levels of triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c) in serum and liver tissue were detected by the kits. The mRNA expression levels of acetyl CoA carboxylase 1(ACC1), fatty acid synthetase(FAS), diacylgycerol acyltransferase 1(DGAT1) and hepatic lipase(HTGL) involved in lipid metabolism in mouse liver tissue were detected by quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR). The protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in serum were detected by ELISA, and the mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in liver tissue were detected by qPCR. Compared with the control group, MSG and HFD mice showed increased body weight, abdominal circumference, Lee index and visceral fat mass as well as elevated levels of TG, TC, and LDL-c in serum. The model mice had up-regulated gene levels of ACC1, FAS and DGAT1 while down-regulated gene level of HTGL in the liver. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of IL-6 increased in the model mice. Compared with the model mice, XQ treatment decreased the body weight, abdominal circumference, Lee index, and visceral fat mass, lowered the levels of TG, TC, and LDL-c in se-rum, down-regulated the gene levels of ACC1, FAS, and DGAT1 in liver tissue, up-regulated the gene level of HTGL, and down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of IL-6. To sum up, XQ has good therapeutic effect on different obesity model mice. It can improve lipid metabolism and reduce fat accumulation in obese mice by regulating the enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, and alleviate obesity-related chronic low-grade inflammation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Inflammation/metabolism , Lipid Metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Obese , Obesity/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective:To study influence of nifedipine combined metoprolol sustained release tablets on blood pressure and heart rate in hypertensive patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods:A total of 120 hypertensive patients with CHD were selected,randomly and equally divided into nifedipine group (n＝60,received nifedipine monotherapy) and combined treatment group (n＝60,received nifedipine combined metoprolol ),both groups were treated for 12 weeks.Blood pressure,heart rate and indexes of heart rate variability (HRV) were measured and compared between two groups.Results:Compared with before treatment,after treatment,there were significant reductions in 24h mean heart rate (24h HR AV) and mean arterial pressure (MAP),P＝0.001 both,and significant rise in standard deviation of normal to normal RR intervals calculated over the 24h period (SDNN),standard devia-tion of normal to normal RR intervals in all 5min segments of the entire recording (SDANN),root-mean square of differences between successive normal to normal intervals (rMSSD) and adjacent normal RR interval difference ＞50ms stroke accounted for a percentage of 24h total RR interval (PNN50) in two groups,P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01.Compared with nifedipine group after treatment,there were significant reductions in 24hmHR [ (69.24 ± 10.67) beats/min vs.(64.08 ± 8.94) beats/min] and MAP [ (98.06 ± 5.18) mmHg vs.(92.64 ± 4.43) mmHg,P＜0.01 all],and significant rise in SDNN [ (113.89 ± 20.93) ms vs.(124.57 ± 25.34) ms,P＜0.05],SDANN [ (108.31 ± 20.26) ms vs.(119.29 ± 19.37) ms,P＝0.001],rMSSD [ (29.67 ± 11.92) ms vs.(36.23 ± 12.34) ms,P＝0.001] and PNN50 [ (11.25 ± 4.03)% vs.(15.37 ± 4.82)%,P＝0.001] in combined treatment group.There was no significant difference in total effective rate between two groups,P＝ 0.272.Conclusion:Nifedipine combined Metoprolol sustained release tablets possesses significant therapeutic effect on hypertensive patients with CHD.It can effectively control heart rate and blood pressure,and contribute to improving HRV and prognosis,which is worth extending.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study influence of amlodipine combined enalapril antihypertensive therapy on renal function in aged patients with essential hypertension (EH) complicated coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods:A total of 120 aged EH + CHD patients in our hospital from Feb 2014 to Apr 2016 were enrolled.Patients were randomly and equally divided into amlodipine group,enalapril group and combined treatment group (received amlodipine com-bined enalapril treatment ),all groups were treated for 12 weeks.Total effective rate,standard-reaching condition of blood pressure,urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER),levels of serum creatinine (Scr),cystatin C (CysC) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) before and after treatment,and incidence of adverse reactions were measured and com-pared among three groups.Results:There was no significant difference in total effective rate among three groups,P＝0.139.Compared with amlodipine group and enalapril group,there was significant reduction in standard-reaching time of blood pressure [ (10.84 ± 2.79) months vs.(10.75 ± 3.31) months vs.(8.20 ± 1.46) months] in com-bined treatment group,P＝0.001 all.Compared with before treatment,after 12-week treatment,there were sig-nificant reductions in UAER,levels of Scr,serum CysC and BUN in amlodipine group and combined treatment group,P＜0.05 or ＜ 0.01;compared with amlodipine group and enalapril group after 12-week treatment,there were significant reductions in UAER [(130.55 ± 12.72) μg/min vs.(135.63 ± 17.64) μg/min vs.(112.25 ± 13.34) μg/min],levels of Scr [ (79.32 ± 6.13) μmol/L vs.(80.25 ± 5.97) μmol/L vs.(68.04 ± 5.56) μmol/L],serum CysC [ (1.14 ± 0.23) mg/L vs.(1.21 ± 0.26) mg/L vs.(0.76 ± 0.17) mg/L] and BUN [ (5.16 ± 1.13) mmol/L vs.(5.79 ± 1.03) mmol/L vs.(4.23 ± 0.56) mmol/L] in combined treatment group,and BUN level of amlodip-ine group was significantly lower than that of enalapril group,P＜0.05 or ＜0.01.There was no significant differ-ence in incidence rate of adverse reactions during treatment among three groups,P＝0.757.Conclusion:Small dose amlodipine combined enalapril is effective on controlling blood pressure in aged EH + CHD patients.Compared with monotherapy,it possesses better protection on renal function with high safety,which is worth extending.